Models within SPARCCLE have been widely used for over a decade in EU climate and energy policymaking and quantitative climate impacts assessment (e.g., PRIMES, GEM-E3, GLOBIOM-G4M, IMAGE, supporting DG CLIMA and DG ENER). SPARCCLE brings together a wide range of methodologies and modelling tools, the majority of which are open source, that will be further developed in the project. They will be extensively improved to more consistently include scenarios of climate change impacts (on the energy and land-use sectors, and socioeconomic development), multi-dimensional vulnerabilities, the monetisation of climate impacts, cross-sectoral effects, and adaptation measures.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ admin_label=”SPARCCLE ROW” module_class=”sparcclerow” _builder_version=”4.22.1″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”gcid-126f4322-6c2a-4b86-a2b0-9c5f48a14bb6″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{%22gcid-126f4322-6c2a-4b86-a2b0-9c5f48a14bb6%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}”][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=”#602483″ open_toggle_background_color=”#efefef” closed_toggle_background_color=”#ffffff” icon_color=”#602483″ use_icon_font_size=”on” icon_font_size=”20px” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” toggle_text_color=”#602483″ custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”5px|0px|5px|0px|false|false” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{%22gcid-16870387-2d4e-474e-bb8a-1d0c8a3aab7d%22:%91%22open_toggle_text_color%22,%22toggle_text_color%22,%22icon_color%22%93,%22gcid-126f4322-6c2a-4b86-a2b0-9c5f48a14bb6%22:%91%22closed_toggle_background_color%22%93,%22gcid-336f4a24-294c-4d04-8e04-031bb20bf53d%22:%91%22open_toggle_background_color%22%93}”][et_pb_accordion_item title=”MESMER” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”on”]\n
MESMER<\/a> is a spatially-resolved climate emulator that replicates the behaviours of Earth system models to emulate their variables at a lower computational cost. This model may be used to replicate the spatial and temporal evolution for new warming pathways, accounting for natural variability, thus it is of high interest for impact assessment. It is currently designed to emulate surface temperatures: annual mean, monthly mean, and annual maximum; soil moisture; and fire weather. MESMER is developed on GitHub. Over the course of the project SPARCCLE, MESMER will be extended to other climate extreme and hazard indicators. It will be used to emulate such variables under projected emissions scenarios, such as the new climate mitigation\/adaptation scenarios planned in WP5.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”ISIMIP” open=”off” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]\n The I<\/strong>nter-S<\/strong>ectoral I<\/strong>mpact M<\/strong>odel I<\/strong>ntercomparison P<\/strong>roject (ISIMIP)<\/a> offers a framework for consistently projecting the impacts of climate change across affected sectors and spatial scales. An international network of climate-impact modellers contribute to a comprehensive and consistent picture of the world under different climate-change scenarios. ISIMIP data is used extensively within the project.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”WIC projections” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” link_option_url_new_window=”on” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n The WIC population projection model<\/a> uses a multi-dimensional cohort-component approach. It was developed by the IIASA Population and Just Societies (POPJUS) Programme in the 1980s and was implemented to conduct global population projections by education in 2014, following the five Share Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”CLIMADA” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n Using state-of-the-art probabilistic modelling, CLIMADA<\/a> allows the estimation of the expected socio-economic and ecological impacts resulting from extreme weather events as a measure of risk today, the incremental increase from socio-economic growth and ecological evolution, and the further increase due to climate change. The model is well suited to provide an open and independent view on physical risk at any scale and on any temporal resolution.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”CATSIM” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n The CatSim (Catastrophe Simulation) Model<\/a> has been designed to help policymakers and advisors devise public financing strategies for understanding catastrophic risks from natural hazards and identifying options to enhance their country\u2019s financial resilience. National and regional data can be input into CatSim allowing policy advisers to pose “what if” questions. The model and relevant stakeholder exercises can identify best and appropriate combinations of financial risk management strategies to suit national circumstances.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”IMAGE” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n IMAGE<\/a> is an integrated assessment modeling framework that simulates the environmental consequences of human activities worldwide. It represents interactions between society, the biosphere and the climate system to assess sustainability issues such as climate change, biodiversity and human well-being. The model can be used to explore the long-term pathways for future environmental and sustainable development problems as well as possible response strategies. The model has a detailed representation of the global energy and land systems, including supply and demand of relevant resources and end-products, nutrient and water flows, and interactions therein.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”MESSAGEix” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n MESSAGEix<\/a> is a versatile, dynamic systems-optimisation modelling framework developed by the IIASA Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) Programme since the 1980s. It is used for medium to long-term energy system planning, energy policy analysis, and scenario development.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color=”#602483″ open_toggle_background_color=”#efefef” closed_toggle_background_color=”#ffffff” icon_color=”#602483″ use_icon_font_size=”on” icon_font_size=”20px” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” toggle_text_color=”#602483″ custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”5px|0px|5px|0px|false|false” border_width_all=”0px” global_colors_info=”{%22gcid-16870387-2d4e-474e-bb8a-1d0c8a3aab7d%22:%91%22open_toggle_text_color%22,%22toggle_text_color%22,%22icon_color%22%93,%22gcid-126f4322-6c2a-4b86-a2b0-9c5f48a14bb6%22:%91%22closed_toggle_background_color%22%93,%22gcid-336f4a24-294c-4d04-8e04-031bb20bf53d%22:%91%22open_toggle_background_color%22%93}”][et_pb_accordion_item title=”PRIMES” open=”on” _builder_version=”4.23.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]The PRIMES (Price-Induced Market Equilibrium System) is a large scale applied energy system model that provides detailed projections of energy demand, supply, prices and investment to the future, covering the entire energy system including emissions. The distinctive feature of PRIMES is the combination of behavioural modelling (following a micro-economic foundation) with engineering aspects, covering all energy sectors and markets. The model has a detailed representation of instruments policy impact assessment related to energy markets and climate, including market drivers, standards, and targets by sector or overall. It handles multiple policy objectives, such as GHG emissions reductions, energy efficiency, renewable energy targets and provides pan-European simulation of internal markets for electricity and gas. GLOBIOM\/G4M<\/a> consists of two interlinked models, GLOBIOM and G4M. The Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM) is a global recursive dynamic partial equilibrium model of the forest and agricultural sectors. The model is based on a bottom-up approach where the supply side of the model is built-up from the bottom (land cover, land use, management systems) to the top (production\/markets). The agricultural and forest productivity is modelled spatially explicit through links to biophysical models (crop models, forest growth models, etc.) for different production systems. G4M is a forest sector model and estimates the impact of forestry activities (afforestation, deforestation, residue harvest and forest management) on biomass and carbon stocks. The model incorporates empirical forest growth functions for major tree species groups and is spatially explicit. G4M relies on information for wood prices, land rents and wood demand from GLOBIOM. GLOBIOM\/G4M together cover all UNFCCC land use categories of relevance for CO2 emissions.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”GEM-E3″ _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n The GEM-E3<\/a> model is a multi-regional, multi-sectoral, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which provides details on the macro-economy and its interaction with the environment and the energy system. It is an empirical, large scale model, written entirely in structural form. GEM-E3 allows for a consistent comparative analysis of policy scenarios since it ensures that in all scenarios, the economic system remains in general equilibrium. In addition, it incorporates micro-economic mechanisms and institutional features within a consistent macro-economic framework and avoids the representation of behaviour in reduced form. Particularly valuable are the insights the model provides regarding the distributional aspects of long-term structural adjustments. The GEM-E3 model is extensively used as a tool of policy analysis and impact assessment.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”RICE50+” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n RICE50+<\/a> is a multi-regional Integrated Assessment Model for Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analyses based on calibrated mitigation and climate impact costs for over 50 regions and countries. The model is a modular, highly regionalised, and flexible model built upon the DICE model, with calibrated abaetment costs, a variety of regional climate and impact functions. It includes in a modular fashion features such as within-country inequality, Solar Radiation Management, Carbon Dioxide Removal, and Natural Capital, among others. The modeling framework considers 57 (and up to 160) independent countries\/regions. The dynamics of economic growth, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, emissions mitigation costs, and economic impacts due to climate change follow the well-known integrated assessment model DICE. The regional representation is consistent with the finest granularity at which data, especially marginal abatement costs curves (MACC), is available. Socioeconomic drivers, including population and economics growth at the country level, come from the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP).<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”DSK” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n The Dystopian Schumpeter Meeting Keynes climate-economy agent-based model (DSK)<\/a> is an agent based integrated assessment model for climate impacts and the study of climate fiscal and monetary policies. The DSK model is an agent-based simulation laboratory representing a global economy and its relationship with changes in climatic conditions. In particular, it features heterogeneous and interacting firms, devoted to the production of either capital or consumption goods and receiving inputs from an energy sector, a financial system and a variety of households. Firms\u2019 production and investments can be financed externally through a financial system with multiple banks. Cumulative emissions are linked to temperature variations through a climate module accounting for feedback loops. As a key innovative feature climate damages are modelled at the individual level and macro-level outcomes emerges from the agent\u2019s interactions.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”d-PLACE” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n D-PLACE<\/a> is a recursive dynamic, global, multi-sector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, based on GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) dataset. In a current setting, the model distinguishes 20 industries\/commodities (including energy intensive and trade exposed industries, such as production of refined oil products and coke, chemicals, non-metallic mineral products, paper and pulp, iron and steel, and non-ferrous metals), and 19 regions (country groups or individual countries), including 9 EU regions, and 10 non-EU regions. In its core, d-PLACE follows standard formulations, with nested Leontief-CES (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) production functions, marginal cost pricing and bilateral trade based on the Armington assumption. The model contains detailed information on GHG emission structure and implements emission reduction targets in the EU ETS (European Union Emissions Trading System), as well as separate country-level targets for the non-ETS sectors in the EU. Emission pricing is used as an instrument to facilitate emission reductions. The model includes a few explicit technologies of emission abatement, including hydrogen and CCS. Emission abatement in energy, agriculture and transport model is calibrated with the output of sectoral models.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”MIMOSA” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n
\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”GLOBIOM-G4M” _builder_version=”4.24.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]\n